en: lorenz-knorr: chapter-9: c: 9 title: "Using codes" subtitles: sequence-1: s: 1 from: "00:00:00,09" to: "00:00:06,11" text: "In the summer of 1938, before the Nazis marched in," sequence-2: s: 2 from: "00:00:06,11" to: "00:00:10,13" text: "we agreed that we not only want to keep in touch," sequence-3: s: 3 from: "00:00:10,13" to: "00:00:20,12" text: "but we wanted to develop a secure code in which we were able to correspond politically." sequence-4: s: 4 from: "00:00:20,12" to: "00:00:21,21" text: ~ sequence-5: s: 5 from: "00:00:21,21" to: "00:00:28,02" text: "It was a cipher which the Gestapo was not able to figure out until the end:" sequence-6: s: 6 from: "00:00:28,02" to: "00:00:29,02" text: ~ sequence-7: s: 7 from: "00:00:29,02" to: "00:00:34,25" text: "A very shifty system, the so called „two-box-system“." sequence-8: s: 8 from: "00:00:34,25" to: "00:00:48,23" text: "When a cipher was found, you only needed to press out the sender and the addressee to find out more." sequence-9: s: 9 from: "00:00:48,23" to: "00:00:53,23" text: "That was why the code had to be masked again – that was my idea." sequence-10: s: 10 from: "00:00:53,23" to: "00:00:54,19" text: ~ sequence-11: s: 11 from: "00:00:54,19" to: "00:00:59,06" text: "We then arranged that we would use the Goebbel’s weekly article," sequence-12: s: 12 from: "00:00:59,06" to: "00:01:05,04" text: "that he used to write either in the ’Völkischer Beobachter’ or in the ’Reich’, as a disguise." sequence-13: s: 13 from: "00:01:05,04" to: "00:01:06,17" text: ~ sequence-14: s: 14 from: "00:01:06,17" to: "00:01:10,01" text: "We then underlined in red and in the accompanying letter we wrote" sequence-15: s: 15 from: "00:01:10,01" to: "00:01:16,05" text: "this sentence of Goebbels is important, you need to discuss this sentence." sequence-16: s: 16 from: "00:01:16,05" to: "00:01:22,19" text: "The only function was to distract, because this article was carrying the cipher;" sequence-17: s: 17 from: "00:01:22,19" to: "00:01:31,23" text: "in the way that the encoded text was to be pricked from the back side with a needle at certain letters." sequence-18: s: 18 from: "00:01:31,23" to: "00:01:41,03" text: "The letters had to be filtered out by holding the paper into the light and then it was decoded." sequence-19: s: 19 from: "00:01:41,03" to: "00:01:45,23" text: "It was not noticeable that we were communicating in cipher." sequence-20: s: 20 from: "00:01:45,23" to: "00:01:46,28" text: ~ sequence-21: s: 21 from: "00:01:46,28" to: "00:01:51,07" text: "When the war began, another important thing happened." sequence-22: s: 22 from: "00:01:51,07" to: "00:01:53,20" text: "With the attack on Poland," sequence-23: s: 23 from: "00:01:53,20" to: "00:01:54,11" text: ~ sequence-24: s: 24 from: "00:01:54,11" to: "00:01:59,00" text: "the ‘Wehrmacht’ and the German air force were looking for ’Blitzmädchen’ (female military Helpers during World War II)," sequence-25: s: 25 from: "00:01:59,00" to: "00:02:05,22" text: "which were able to help as radio operators in the occupied areas." sequence-26: s: 26 from: "00:02:05,22" to: "00:02:12,25" text: "Eight of our female comrades volunteered." sequence-27: s: 27 from: "00:02:12,25" to: "00:02:13,19" text: ~ sequence-28: s: 28 from: "00:02:13,19" to: "00:02:21,01" text: "They had to be let in on our cipher, which only the hard core had known." sequence-29: s: 29 from: "00:02:21,01" to: "00:02:29,00" text: "We had to keep up the contact, and they had to, wherever they were, get in touch with the local partisans." sequence-30: s: 30 from: "00:02:29,00" to: "00:02:29,29" text: ~ sequence-31: s: 31 from: "00:02:29,29" to: "00:02:36,12" text: "After having been badly wounded, I was retrained as a radio operator in the punishment battalion in Africa." sequence-32: s: 32 from: "00:02:36,12" to: "00:02:37,18" text: ~ sequence-33: s: 33 from: "00:02:37,18" to: "00:02:41,28" text: "Of course this was a second option to communicate quickly." sequence-34: s: 34 from: "00:02:41,28" to: "00:02:47,28" text: "Every radio operator had the opportunity to communicate via radio as long as there was another radio operator somewhere else." sequence-35: s: 35 from: "00:02:47,28" to: "00:02:54,27" text: "You only had to be careful, because the ‘Gestapo’ and the ‘SS’ intercepted everything." sequence-36: s: 36 from: "00:02:54,27" to: "00:03:01,05" text: "But it worked, you could communicate via radio, as well." sequence-37: s: 37 from: "00:03:01,05" to: "00:03:02,12" text: ~ sequence-38: s: 38 from: "00:03:02,12" to: "00:03:07,20" text: "Me, for example, and there are not many who achieved something like that," sequence-39: s: 39 from: "00:03:07,20" to: "00:03:14,15" text: "I had connection to my party leader exiled in London from 1941 until 1945." sequence-40: s: 40 from: "00:03:14,15" to: "00:03:16,05" text: ~ sequence-41: s: 41 from: "00:03:16,05" to: "00:03:19,26" text: "Coded mail went to Bergen in Norway." sequence-42: s: 42 from: "00:03:19,26" to: "00:03:25,16" text: "There sat a comrade of ours as a ’Blitzmädchen’, she had connection to the partisans." sequence-43: s: 43 from: "00:03:25,16" to: "00:03:27,28" text: "They took the mail to Sweden." sequence-44: s: 44 from: "00:03:27,28" to: "00:03:32,10" text: "In Stockholm was the secretary general of my party" sequence-45: s: 45 from: "00:03:32,10" to: "00:03:36,20" text: "and he established the connection from Stockholm to London via plane." sequence-46: s: 46 from: "00:03:36,20" to: "00:03:39,29" text: "Until the enquiry came back:" sequence-47: s: 47 from: "00:03:39,29" to: "00:03:42,01" text: "“How is the mood in the population?" sequence-48: s: 48 from: "00:03:42,01" to: "00:03:45,10" text: "Where are places for paratroopers to jump" sequence-49: s: 49 from: "00:03:45,10" to: "00:03:54,20" text: "where to the same time a social background can be found, so they can live and operate safely?”" sequence-50: s: 50 from: "00:03:54,20" to: "00:03:57,27" text: "These sorts of questions came and they were answered." sequence-51: s: 51 from: "00:03:57,27" to: "00:04:04,24" text: "Later on it worked even faster, because a comrade," sequence-52: s: 52 from: "00:04:04,24" to: "00:04:10,14" text: "who had emigrated to London with her parents, got a new identity" sequence-53: s: 53 from: "00:04:10,14" to: "00:04:18,20" text: "and was infiltrated into Denmark where she got married to a Danish member of the resistance." sequence-54: s: 54 from: "00:04:18,20" to: "00:04:25,17" text: "She applied at the German commandant’s office and nobody knew that she spoke Jewish." sequence-55: s: 55 from: "00:04:25,17" to: "00:04:30,28" text: "She also spoke German, French, English and then she even learned Danish" sequence-56: s: 56 from: "00:04:30,28" to: "00:04:33,24" text: "and after that applied at the German commandant’s office." sequence-57: s: 57 from: "00:04:33,24" to: "00:04:38,06" text: "Because she was perfect in type writing and shorthand she was taken on immediately." sequence-58: s: 58 from: "00:04:38,06" to: "00:04:43,00" text: "Because of her capability and her linguistic knowledge it did not take long" sequence-59: s: 59 from: "00:04:43,00" to: "00:04:48,24" text: "and she was sitting in the outer office of the German general in command!" sequence-60: s: 60 from: "00:04:48,24" to: "00:04:51,12" text: "She had access to all the files." sequence-61: s: 61 from: "00:04:51,12" to: "00:04:58,08" text: "Everything that went to the general or that came from the general, even if it came from the ‘Fuehrer’, went through her hands." sequence-62: s: 62 from: "00:04:58,08" to: "00:05:00,24" text: "That naturally was a source." sequence-63: s: 63 from: "00:05:00,24" to: "00:05:05,22" text: "As she had direct connection to London, the way was shorter." sequence-64: s: 64 from: "00:05:05,22" to: "00:05:14,13" text: "The connection worked in no time." sequence-65: s: 65 from: "00:05:14,13" to: "00:05:19,24" text: "It did not take six weeks any more, but took fourteen days or three weeks" sequence-66: s: 66 from: "00:05:19,24" to: "00:05:24,01" text: "until the message moved back and forth – coded, of course."