en: vincent-pascucci: chapter-1: c: 1 title: "Introduction: family, school, work" subtitles: sequence-1: s: 1 from: "00:00:01,03" to: "00:00:05,24" text: "My name is Pascucci." sequence-2: s: 2 from: "00:00:05,24" to: "00:00:09,24" text: "I am of Italian origin." sequence-3: s: 3 from: "00:00:09,24" to: "00:00:18,20" text: "I was born in Italy, in the region of Pesaro, at Sant’Angelo in Lizzola to be exact." sequence-4: s: 4 from: "00:00:18,20" to: "00:00:22,21" text: "That is a beautiful little hill." sequence-5: s: 5 from: "00:00:22,21" to: "00:00:28,11" text: "I once had the opportunity to see my birthplace again." sequence-6: s: 6 from: "00:00:28,11" to: "00:00:29,25" text: ~ sequence-7: s: 7 from: "00:00:29,25" to: "00:00:37,24" text: "My parents came to France, thanks to an agreement concerning manual laborers" sequence-8: s: 8 from: "00:00:37,24" to: "00:00:39,09" text: ~ sequence-9: s: 9 from: "00:00:39,09" to: "00:00:44,04" text: "that had been signed between France and Italy after World War I." sequence-10: s: 10 from: "00:00:44,04" to: "00:00:52,12" text: "These work contracts gave Italian antifascists the opportunity" sequence-11: s: 11 from: "00:00:52,12" to: "00:01:01,20" text: "to leave Italy legally and escape imprisonment." sequence-12: s: 12 from: "00:01:01,20" to: "00:01:10,04" text: "I don’t know the exact date of my fathers’ emigration," sequence-13: s: 13 from: "00:01:10,04" to: "00:01:19,20" text: "but it took place between 1921 and 1922, as I was born in 1923." sequence-14: s: 14 from: "00:01:19,20" to: "00:01:21,11" text: ~ sequence-15: s: 15 from: "00:01:21,11" to: "00:01:29,20" text: "When I was six months old, my mother and I came to France to join my father." sequence-16: s: 16 from: "00:01:29,20" to: "00:01:30,26" text: ~ sequence-17: s: 17 from: "00:01:30,26" to: "00:01:38,13" text: "Since then I have lived in Nanterre. For almost 83 years now." sequence-18: s: 18 from: "00:01:38,13" to: "00:01:43,02" text: ~ sequence-19: s: 19 from: "00:01:43,02" to: "00:01:47,03" text: "My father was a Communist, an antifascist." sequence-20: s: 20 from: "00:01:47,03" to: "00:01:57,14" text: "He joined the French Communist Party as soon as we got French citizenship." sequence-21: s: 21 from: "00:01:57,14" to: "00:02:09,00" text: "He applied for naturalization in 1930. Otherwise it was very difficult to find work." sequence-22: s: 22 from: "00:02:09,00" to: "00:02:09,28" text: ~ sequence-23: s: 23 from: "00:02:09,28" to: "00:02:20,23" text: "I went to school, “The Ecole Republique”, in Nanterre." sequence-24: s: 24 from: "00:02:20,23" to: "00:02:22,19" text: ~ sequence-25: s: 25 from: "00:02:22,19" to: "00:02:33,09" text: "The school has now disappeared to make way for the University Paris X." sequence-26: s: 26 from: "00:02:33,09" to: "00:02:37,09" text: ~ sequence-27: s: 27 from: "00:02:37,09" to: "00:02:46,27" text: "I went to that school until the age of 13 and got my Elementary School Certificate - Certificat d’Etudes." sequence-28: s: 28 from: "00:02:46,27" to: "00:02:57,25" text: "To please my teacher, I took an entry test for high school, but it was not my goal." sequence-29: s: 29 from: "00:02:57,25" to: "00:03:07,10" text: "At the time my brother had just been born," sequence-30: s: 30 from: "00:03:07,10" to: "00:03:15,06" text: "my mother was not working because she had a heart disease." sequence-31: s: 31 from: "00:03:15,06" to: "00:03:23,24" text: "We needed to call the doctor often and my father was only a worker, so we were not very rich." sequence-32: s: 32 from: "00:03:23,24" to: "00:03:31,18" text: "On one hand, I wanted to contribute to the family by working." sequence-33: s: 33 from: "00:03:31,18" to: "00:03:36,10" text: "On the other hand, I wanted" sequence-34: s: 34 from: "00:03:36,10" to: "00:03:39,01" text: ~ sequence-35: s: 35 from: "00:03:39,01" to: "00:03:46,02" text: "to be free and independent. That was even more important." sequence-36: s: 36 from: "00:03:46,02" to: "00:03:48,03" text: ~ sequence-37: s: 37 from: "00:03:48,03" to: "00:03:53,21" text: "So at the age of 14, I started working." sequence-38: s: 38 from: "00:03:53,21" to: "00:04:08,20" text: "That was in 1937/1938, during the first crisis, and unemployment was a big issue." sequence-39: s: 39 from: "00:04:08,20" to: "00:04:14,19" text: "As I had learned no trade, I did a little bit of everything." sequence-40: s: 40 from: "00:04:14,19" to: "00:04:17,08" text: ~ sequence-41: s: 41 from: "00:04:17,08" to: "00:04:30,17" text: "I worked in a toy factory; I also worked unloading the little boats on the Seine." sequence-42: s: 42 from: "00:04:30,17" to: "00:04:41,10" text: "I was not very picky about the work, as it was quite hard to find a job at the time."