LinguaLeo/LinguaLeo Courses

1.Intensive Grammar for Business

Are you in the middle of business negotiations with foreign partners but struggling to get by on your limited knowledge of English? 
Or would you like to systematize your grammar and learn something new? Then this course is for you. You will learn how to tell the *Present Simple* from the *Present Continuous*, the *Past Simple* from the *Present Perfect*, and the *Future Simple* from *to be going to*. This course also includes modal verbs, indirect speech, and the passive voice, all with a business emphasis.

About Companies

Present Tenses (the present simple, the present continuous)

 

<dd class="course-rule rule-case-example">  
    <h3 class="rule-title">  
        <b>*Present Simple*</b> is formed like this:   
    </h3>  
  
<table style="table-layout: fixed; text-align:left">  
<tr>  
<td>Affirmative form</td>  
<td>Interrogative form</td>  
<td>Negative form</td>  
</tr>  
  
<tr>  
<td>  
     *I<br>  
    We<br>  
    You  work here.<br>  
    They  
</td>  
<td>   
I<br>     
we<br>  
Do  you  work here?<br>  
they<br>  
</td>  
<td>   
I<br>  
We<br>  
You do not work here. (=don’t)<br>  
They<br>  
</td>  
</tr>  
  
<tr>  
<td>  
    He<br>  
    She  works here <br>  
    It<br>  
</td>  
<td>   
he<br>  
Does she work here? <br>  
it<br>  
</td>  
<td>     
He<br>  
She does not work here. (doesn’t)*<br>  
 It<br>  
</td>  
</tr>   
</table>  
  
  
<br><br>  
    <h3 class="rule-title"><b>*Present Continuous*</b> is formed like this:</h3>  
  
<table style="table-layout: fixed; text-align:left">  
<tr>  
<td>Affirmative form</td>  
<td>Interrogative form</td>  
<td>Negative form</td>  
</tr>   
  
<tr>  
<td>*I’m working here.</td>  
<td>Am I working here?</td>  
<td>I’m not working here.</td>  
</tr>  
  
<tr>  
<td>We<br>  
You are working  here.<br>  
They<br>  
</td>  
<td>  
we    <br>  
Are you  working  here?<br>  
they  
</td>  
<td>  
We<br>  
You are not working  here. (= aren’t)<br>  
They  
</td>  
</tr>  
  
<tr>  
<td>  
He<br>  
She is working  here. <br>  
It  
</td>  
<td>  
he<br>  
Is  she working  here? <br>  
it  
</td>  
<td>  
He<br>  
She is not working  here. (= isn’t)*<br>  
It  
</td>  
</tr>  
</table>  
</dd>

 

<dd class="course-rule rule-case-example"> 
    <h3 class="rule-title"> 
         <b>*Present Simple*</b> and <b>*Present Continuous*</b> are used: 
    </h3> 
 
 
<table border="1" align=left cellpadding=10> 
<tr> 
<td><b>*Present Simple*</b></td> 
<td><b>*Present Continuous*</b></td> 
</tr> 
 
<tr> 
<td>To convey well-known facts and simple truths:<br><br> 
 
<i>*Apple Inc. is an American corporation headquartered in California.* <br> 
*translation here* </i>  
</td> 
<td>To express actions that are happening at the moment of speech: <br><br> 
 
<i>*Please don’t be noisy. Mr. Spencer is talking to his partner now.*<br> 
*translation here*</i> 
</td> 
</tr> 
 
<tr> 
<td>To express general or continual actions: <br><br> 
 
<i>*These machines cut the metal.* <br> 
*translation here*</i> 
</td> 
<td>To express a lengthy action that is happening in the present, though perhaps not at the exact moment of speech.<br><br> 
 
<i>*They are opening their branch offices overseas.*<br>  
*translation here*</i> 
</td> 
</tr> 
 
<tr> 
<td>To list consecutive actions in the present:<br><br> 
 
<i>*I switch on my computer, check my emails and make some phone calls.*<br> 
*translation here*</i> 
</td> 
<td>To express dissatisfaction or negative emotions using always, constantly:<br><br> 
 
<i>*You are always putting a wrong address on the envelope.*<br> 
*translation here*</i> 
</tr> 
 
<tr> 
<td>To express a planned future action.  
When talking about a train, bus, store, bank, etc. hours.<br><br> 
 
<i> *In Spain banks are open from Monday till Friday.*<br> 
 *translation here*</i> 
</td> 
<td>To express a planned future action. When talking about personal plans.<br><br> 
 
<i> *Tomorrow we’re flying to New York to handle everything.*<br>  
*translation here*</i> 
</td> 
</tr> 
 
<tr> 
<td>To express regularly repeating actions using such words as:  <br> 
<b>*always, often, seldom, sometimes, never, usually, generally*,</b> that go <b>after</b> forms of the verb *to be - am/is/are*, but <b>before</b> other verbs (*go, run, make, use, etc.*).<br> 
 
Such words as: <b>*every day (week, month), once a year, most of the time, from time to time, now and then*</b> are used at the end of the sentence.<br><br> 
 
<i>The market is <b>always</b> right. <br> 
I <b>often</b> take the train to Paris at 7 a.m.<br> 
 
*The government provides cheap loans to companies once a year*.<br> 
*translation here*</i> 
</td> 
<td>To express actions that are happening at the moment of speech we use these words: <br> 
 
<b>*now, at the moment, nowadays, right now,*</b> which can go at the beginning or end of the sentence.<br><br> 
 
<i><b>*At the moment,</b> prices are rising very quickly.* <br> 
 *translation here*<br> 
 
*You know, I’m working for an international company* <b>now</b>.<br>  
 *translation here* </i> 
</td> 
</tr> 
</table> 
 
</dd>

 

<dd class="course-rule rule-case-example">  
    <h3 class="rule-title">  
        Necessary vocabulary:   
    </h3>  
<ul style="max-width: 600px;">  
<li><b>large company</b> - *translation here*   
<li><b>small firm</b>  - *translation here*   
<li><b>big business</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>small business</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>branch office</b> - *translation here* 
<li><b>associate</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>face-to-face training</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>competition</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>marketing department</b> - *translation here*   
<li><b>to attend a workshop</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to be in demand</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to break new ground</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to establish a client base</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to handle a department</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to lead  a conference</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to manage a  project</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to operate through</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to recruit for</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to take part in</b> - *translation here*   
<li><b>to reduce prices</b>- *translation here*  
<li><b>to take on a project</b> - *translation here*  
<li><b>to work overseas</b> - *translation here*  
  
</ul>  
</dd>

 

Fill in the blanks:

 

 

 

Use the translation to put the words in the correct order:

 

Our employees usually begin work at 7 am.

 

Use the translation to put the words in the correct order:

 

They don't usually drive me to work.

 

Use the translation to put the words in the correct order: