TRIAC, from triode for alternating current, is an electronic component equivalent to two thyristors (SCRs) connected in antiparallel with their gates connected together. TRIACs differ from SCRs in that they allow current flow in both directions, whereas an SCR can only conduct current in a single direction. TRIACs are subset of thyristors.
A TRIAC can be triggered by an alternating current applied in the gate. Once triggered, TRIACs continue to conduct, even if the gate current ceases, until the main current drops below a certain level called the holding current. TRIACs' bidirectionality makes them convenient switches for alternating-current (AC).
In addition, applying a trigger at a controlled phase angle of the AC in the main circuit allows control of the average current flowing into a load (phase control).
Low-power TRIACs are used in many applications such as light dimmers, speed controls for electric fans and other electric motors.
When used to control reactive (inductive or capacitive) loads, care must be taken to ensure that the TRIAC turns off correctly at the end of each half-cycle of the AC in the main circuit. For higher-powered, more-demanding loads, two SCRs in inverse parallel may be used instead of one TRIAC. Because each SCR will have an entire half-cycle of reverse polarity voltage applied to it, turn-off of the SCRs is assured, no matter what the character of the load.