DinizApp/Electronics Center
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TRIAC, from triode for alternating current, is an electronic component equivalent to two thyristors (SCRs) connected in antiparallel with their gates connected together. TRIACs differ from SCRs in that they allow current flow in both directions, whereas an SCR can only conduct current in a single direction. TRIACs are subset of thyristors. A TRIAC can be triggered by an alternating current applied in the gate. Once triggered, TRIACs continue to conduct, even if the gate current ceases, until the main current drops below a certain level called the holding current. TRIACs' bidirectionality makes them convenient switches for alternating-current (AC). In addition, applying a trigger at a controlled phase angle of the AC in the main circuit allows control of the average current flowing into a load (phase control). Low-power TRIACs are used in many applications such as light dimmers, speed controls for electric fans and other electric motors. When used to control reactive (inductive or capacitive) loads, care must be taken to ensure that the TRIAC turns off correctly at the end of each half-cycle of the AC in the main circuit. For higher-powered, more-demanding loads, two SCRs in inverse parallel may be used instead of one TRIAC. Because each SCR will have an entire half-cycle of reverse polarity voltage applied to it, turn-off of the SCRs is assured, no matter what the character of the load.
TRIAC, from triode for alternating current, is an electronic component equivalent to two thyristors (SCRs) connected in antiparallel with their gates connected together. TRIACs differ from SCRs in that they allow current flow in both directions, whereas an SCR can only conduct current in a single direction. TRIACs are subset of thyristors.
A TRIAC can be triggered by an alternating current applied in the gate. Once triggered, TRIACs continue to conduct, even if the gate current ceases, until the main current drops below a certain level called the holding current. TRIACs' bidirectionality makes them convenient switches for alternating-current (AC).
In addition, applying a trigger at a controlled phase angle of the AC in the main circuit allows control of the average current flowing into a load (phase control).
Low-power TRIACs are used in many applications such as light dimmers, speed controls for electric fans and other electric motors.
When used to control reactive (inductive or capacitive) loads, care must be taken to ensure that the TRIAC turns off correctly at the end of each half-cycle of the AC in the main circuit. For higher-powered, more-demanding loads, two SCRs in inverse parallel may be used instead of one TRIAC. Because each SCR will have an entire half-cycle of reverse polarity voltage applied to it, turn-off of the SCRs is assured, no matter what the character of the load.
Um TRIAC, ou Triode for Alternating Current é um componente eletrônico equivalente a dois retificadores controlados de silício (SCR/tiristores) ligados em antiparalelo e com o terminal de disparo (ou gatilho - gate) ligados juntos. Este tipo de ligação resulta em uma chave eletrônica bidirecional que pode conduzir a corrente elétrica nos dois sentidos. O TRIAC faz parte da família de tiristores.
Um TRIAC pode ser disparado por uma corrente alternada aplicada no terminal de disparo (gate). Uma vez disparado, o dispositivo continua a conduzir até que a corrente elétrica caia abaixo do valor de corte, como o valor da tensão final da metade do ciclo de uma corrente alternada. Isto torna o TRIAC um conveniente dispositivo de controle para circuitos de corrente alternada ou C.A, que permite acionar grandes potências com circuitos acionados por correntes da ordem de miliamperes.
Também podemos controlar o início da condução do dispositivo, aplicando um pulso em um ponto pré-determinado do ciclo de corrente alternada, o que permite controlar a percentagem do ciclo que estará alimentando a carga (também chamado de controle de fase).
O TRIAC de baixa potência é utilizado em várias aplicações como controles de potência para lâmpadas dimmers, controles de velocidade para ventiladores entre outros. Contudo, quando usado com cargas indutivas, como motores elétricos, é necessário que se assegure que o TRIAC seja desligado corretamente, no final de cada semi-ciclo de alimentação elétrica. Para circuitos de maior potência, podemos utilizar dois SCRs ligados em antiparalelo, o que garante que cada SCR estará controlando um semi-ciclo independente, não importando a natureza da carga geral.
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