European Resistance Archive/European Resistance Archive (ERA)
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In those days we were allowed one little piece of bread a day, or 90 grams of meat a week.
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You needed to have a ration ticket; otherwise you were forced to buy on the black market.
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The Nazis had raided everything in France.
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France had been self-sufficient because of their agriculture and industry.
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They took everything, all the machines, everything.
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First resistance activities
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On September 3rd, 1939, war was declared.
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My father was mobilized as we had become French citizens.
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He was sent to the East. But they did not even have weapons.
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Unfortunately, I lost my mother at that time and my father came back to take care of the family.
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During the time it took him to come home, my aunt and uncle took care of us, my brother and me.
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In 1940, when the danger of German occupation was imminent, my aunt wanted us to go to Southern France.
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We got to know the so-called “débacle” – the total collapse – during our flight.
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We left by foot, pushing our suitcases on bikes.
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In Le Mans the Germans caught up with us.
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When the Germans got in front of us, we returned to Nanterre.
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The city was almost empty at the time.
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It was July and Nanterre had been occupied on June 14th, 1940.
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There were very few working factories.
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I got back in touch with my comrades from the Communist Youth Movement and we started…
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